01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or grease lightly.
02 - Whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves in a large bowl.
03 - In a separate bowl, whisk vegetable oil and brown sugar until combined. Add eggs one at a time, beating well after each addition. Stir in vanilla extract and milk.
04 - Add wet ingredients to dry ingredients and gently mix until just combined, avoiding overmixing.
05 - Carefully fold in diced apples and raisins into the batter.
06 - Divide batter evenly among muffin cups.
07 - If desired, mix demerara sugar and cinnamon, then sprinkle over muffin tops.
08 - Bake for 18 to 22 minutes or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
09 - Cool muffins in the tin for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.